Whitehead, Tansley, Sen, Bobbio e a abordagem One Health / Whitehead, Tansley, Sen, Bobbio and the One Health approach / Whitehead, Tansley, Sen, Bobbio y el enfoque One Health

Objetivo: traçar parâmetros para estruturar conceitos da abordagem One Health através dos pensamentos de Alfred North Whitehead, Arthur George Tansley, Amartya Sen e Norberto Bobbio. Metodologia: tratou-se de pesquisa original, com abordagem dedutiva e viés hermenêutico, baseada nos pensamentos selecionados e na orientação de Saúde Única. Resultados: One Health estrutura-se na afirmativa holística e integrada que a saúde humana, animal e ambiental estão interligadas. Sob a perspectiva de Whitehead, a abordagem One Health pode ser considerada um processo dinâmico e relacional, onde humanos, animais e meio ambiente interagem constantemente, interconectando-se por relações e processos, formando um todo. Pela perspectiva de Tansley, a ideia de One Health pode alinhar-se ao conceito de ecossistema, não podendo a saúde ser analisada isoladamente em indivíduos, mas, necessariamente, pelas interações complexas entre seres humanos, animais e o ambiente. Sob o prisma de desenvolvimento (direitos e liberdades), proposto por Sen, a abordagem One Health pode ser considerada um meio para alcançá-lo, através da interrelação de mecanismos, sistemas e instituições focados na promoção da saúde e do bem-estar. Na visão de Bobbio, direitos fundamentais, democracia e a paz, são formas éticas e primordiais para assegurar direitos, especialmente um novo direito da natureza (humanos, animal e ambiente) na busca conjunta de garantias para a convivência pacífica. Conclusão: a abordagem One Health não é apenas uma estratégia prática, mas também uma visão renovada da antiga percepção que reconhecia a interconexão de todas as formas de vida.

Objective: draw parameters to structure concepts of the One Health approach through the thoughts of Alfred North Whitehead, Arthur George Tansley, Amartya Sen, and Norberto Bobbio. Methodology: this was original research, with a deductive approach, hermeneutic bias based on the selected thoughts and the One Health. Results: One Health is structured on the holistic and integrated assertion that human, animal, and environmental health are interconnected. From Whitehead's perspective, the One Health approach can be considered a dynamic and relational process, where humans, animals, and the environment constantly interact, interconnecting through relationships and processes, forming a whole. From Tansley's perspective, the idea of One Health can align with the ecosystem concept, where health cannot be analyzed in isolation in individuals, but necessarily through the complex interactions between humans, animals, and the environment. From Sen's development prism (rights and freedoms), the One Health approach can be seen to achieve it, through the interrelation of mechanisms, systems, and institutions focused on promoting health and well-being. In Bobbio's view, fundamental rights, democracy, and peace are ethical and primary ways to ensure rights, especially a right of nature (humans, animals, and the environment) in the joint pursuit of guarantees for peaceful coexistence. Conclusion: the One Health approach is not just a practical strategy, but also a renewed vision of the old perception that recognized the interconnection of all forms of life.

Objetivo: establecer parámetros para estructurar conceptos del enfoque One Health a través de los pensamientos de Alfred North Whitehead, Arthur George Tansley, Amartya Sen y Norberto Bobbio. Metodología: se trató de una investigación original, con un enfoque deductivo, sesgo hermenéutico basado en los pensamientos seleccionados y el Salud Única. Resultados: One Health se estructura en la afirmación holística e integrada de que la salud humana, animal y ambiental están interconectadas. Desde la perspectiva de Whitehead, el enfoque One Health puede considerarse un proceso dinámico y relacional, donde humanos, animales y el medio ambiente interactúan constantemente, interconectándose a través de relaciones y procesos, formando un todo. Desde la perspectiva de Tansley, la idea de One Health puede alinearse con el concepto de ecosistema, donde la salud no puede analizarse aisladamente en individuos, sino necesariamente a través de interacciones complejas entre seres humanos, animales y el ambiente. Desde el prisma del desarrollo (derechos y libertades) propuesto por Sen, el enfoque One Health puede considerarse un medio para alcanzarlo, a través de la interrelación de mecanismos, sistemas e instituciones enfocados en la promoción de la salud y el bienestar. Desde la visión de Bobbio, los derechos fundamentales, la democracia y la paz son formas éticas y primordiales para asegurar derechos, especialmente un derecho de la naturaleza (humanos, animales y ambiente) en la búsqueda conjunta de garantías para la convivencia pacífica. Conclusión: el enfoque One Health no es solo una estrategia práctica, sino también una visión renovada de la antigua percepción que reconocía la interconexión de todas las formas de vida.

Distribución de nutricionistas en el sistema de salud peruano: un panorama por niveles de atención

La prestación de servicios para la atención integral de la salud requiere la participación de diversos profesionales con competencias específicas para brindar la mejor atención posible a la población. La inclusión del nutricionista en los diferentes niveles del sistema de salud es crucial para garantizar una atención integral en las diversas etapas de la vida. Una distribución inequitativa de nutricionistas en los niveles de atención puede conducir a una fragmentación de la atención y la pérdida de oportunidades para abordar los problemas relacionados con la alimentación y nutrición. Por ello, se desarrolló un estudio con el objetivo de describir la distribución de nutricionistas en los establecimientos de salud según el nivel de atención, y evaluar el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de recursos humanos establecidas por la norma técnica de las UPSS de Nutrición y Dietética. Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo y transversal, mediante el análisis de fuentes secundarias. Se utilizaron los datos de recursos humanos por IPRESS de SUSALUD, del año 2022. Se consideró la Norma técnica de UPSS de Nutrición y Dietética para evaluar el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de recursos humanos. Entre los principales resultados, se identificó que el 7.93% de los establecimientos de salud del primer nivel de atención tienen al menos un nutricionista. En el segundo nivel de atención, el 96.35% de los establecimientos de salud no cumplen con las recomendaciones de recursos humanos de la norma técnica, y ningún establecimiento del tercer nivel de atención cumplió esta recomendación. La distribución de nutricionistas en los diversos niveles de atención del sistema de salud peruano es desigual. Es necesario mejorar la planificación de recursos humanos en el sistema de salud peruano para garantizar una atención integral de la salud a la población.

The provision of services for comprehensive healthcare requires the involvement of various professionals with specific competencies to provide the best possible care to the population. The inclusion of nutritionists at different levels of the healthcare system is crucial to ensure comprehensive care at various stages of life. An unequal distribution of nutritionists across healthcare levels can lead to fragmented care and missed opportunities to address nutrition-related issues. Therefore, a study was conducted with the aim of describing the distribution of nutritionists in healthcare facilities according to the level of care and evaluating compliance with the human resources recommendations established by the technical standard of Nutrition and Dietetics UPSS. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted using the analysis of secondary sources. Human resources data from SUSALUD for the year 2022 were used. The Technical Standard of UPSS of Nutrition and Dietetics was considered to assess compliance with human resources recommendations. Among the main findings, it was identified that 7.93% of first-level healthcare facilities have at least one nutritionist. In the second level of care, 96.35% of healthcare facilities do not comply with the human resources recommendations of the technical standard, and no third-level healthcare facility met this recommendation. The distribution of nutritionists across various levels of care in the Peruvian healthcare system is unequal. It is necessary to improve human resources planning in the Peruvian healthcare system to ensure comprehensive healthcare for the population..

Taxas de hospitalização, uso de biológicos e cirurgias em doenças inflamatórias intestinais: uma análise comparativa entre os sistemas público e privado de saúde em centro de referência da América Latina / Hospitalization, use of biologics and surgery rates in inflammatory bowel diseases: a single-centre comparative analysis between public and private healthcare systems in a tertiary unit from latin america

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have rising incidence and prevalence rates globally. In IBD, there are scarce stu­dies comparing differences between patients according to socioeconomic status. Our aim was to comparatively evaluate hospitalizations, use of biologics and rates of surgery in patients with IBD between public and private healthcare systems. Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study in patients with IBD from a tertiary referral unit from Latin America, between 2015 and 2021. CD and UC patients were classified into two subgroups: public and private systems. Demographic characteristics, hospitalizations, need for surgery and biologics were compared. Results: A total of 500 patients were included, 322 with CD and 178 with UC. CD-related hospitalizations were frequently observed in both healthcare systems (76.28% in private and 67.46% in public). More than half of the patients had been submitted to one or more CD-related abdominal surgery, with no significant difference between the subgroups. Although there was no difference in the rates of use of biological therapy in CD subgroups, infliximab was more used in the public setting (57.69% vs 43.97%). There was no difference in UC-related hospitalizations between the subgroups (public 30.69% and private 37.66%) as well as the rates of colectomy (public: 16.83%, private: 19.48%). Biologics were prescribed almost twice as often in private as compared to public (45.45 vs 22.77%). Conclusion: There were no differences in the rates of hospitalization and abdominal surgery between the systems. In patients with UC, there was greater use of biological therapy in the private healthcare setting.

RESUMO Contexto: As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) têm taxas crescentes de incidência e prevalência em todo o mundo. Na DII, são escassos os estudos comparando as diferenças entre os pacientes de acordo com o nível socioeconômico. Objetivo: Nosso objetivo foi avaliar comparativamente as hospitalizações, o uso de biológicos e as taxas de cirurgia em pacientes com DII entre os sistemas público e privado de saúde. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo unicêntrico em pacientes com DII de uma unidade terciária de referência da América Latina, entre 2015 e 2021. Os pacientes com DC (doença de Crohn) e retocolite ulcerativa foram classificados em dois subgrupos: sistema público e privado. Características demográficas, hospitalizações, necessidade de cirurgia e biológicos foram comparadas. Resultados: Foram inclusos 500 pacientes, sendo 322 com DC e 178 com retocolite ulcerativa. Internações por DC foram frequentes em ambos os sistemas de saúde (76,28% na rede privada e 67,46% na rede pública). Mais da metade dos pacientes havia sido submetida a uma ou mais cirurgias abdominais relacionadas à DC, sem diferença significativa entre os subgrupos. Embora não tenha havido diferença nas taxas de uso de terapia biológica nos subgrupos de DC, o infliximabe foi mais utilizado no ambiente público (57,69% vs 43,97%). Não houve diferença nas internações relacionadas a retocolite ulcerativa entre os subgrupos (público 30,69% e privado 37,66%) e nas taxas de colectomia (público: 16,83%, privado: 19,48%). Os biológicos foram prescritos quase duas vezes mais no privado do que no público (45,45 vs 22,77%). Conclusão: Não houve diferença nas taxas de internação hospitalar e de cirurgia abdominal entre os sistemas. Nos pacientes com retocolite ulcerativa, houve maior utilização da terapia biológica no setor privado de saúde.

Aspects that facilitate access to care for viral hepatitis: An evaluative research

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern worldwide. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the factors that facilitate access to care for viral hepatitis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Using a sequential mixed method, this evaluation research was conducted in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: Mapping of references and selection of regions were made based on the quantity and heterogeneity of services. The stakeholders, including the managers of the State Department of Health and professionals from reference services, were identified. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted using content analysis and discussions guided by the dimensions of the analysis model of universal access to health services. RESULTS: In the political dimension, decentralizing services and adhering to the Intermunicipal Health Consortium are highly encouraged. In the economic-social dimension, a commitment exists to allocate public funds for the expansion of referral services and subsidies to support users in their travel for appointments, medications, and examinations. In the organizational dimension, the availability of inputs for testing, definition of user flow, ease of scheduling appointments, coordination by primary care in testing, collaboration following the guidelines and protocols, and engagement in extramural activities are guaranteed. In the technical dimension, professionals actively commit to the service and offer different opening hours, guarantee the presence of an infectious physician, expand training opportunities, and establish intersectoral partnerships. In the symbolic dimension, professionals actively listen to the experiences of users throughout their care trajectory and demonstrate empathy. CONCLUSIONS: The results are crucial for improving comprehensiveness, but necessitate managerial efforts to enhance regional governance.

Mental health services in Gauteng, South Africa: A proxy evaluation using pharmaceutical data

Background: South African legislation advocates for equitable access to mental healthcare services integrated into general healthcare settings. Mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders are often comorbid. Pharmacoepidemiology provides indirect evidence of service provision for conditions amenable to medicine treatment. Aim: The study aims to evaluate medicine procurement for MNS disorders at different service levels in the health system. Setting: The Public health sector, Gauteng province formed the setting for the study. Method: A secondary analysis of the Gauteng pharmaceutical database was conducted using Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) and defined daily dose (DDD) methodology. Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classes of medicines for MNS disorders were included. Defined daily doses and costs were calculated per 1000 population served by each facility and service level. Statistical comparisons were made using chi-square testing. Results: General healthcare settings accounted for 90% (R118 638 248) and specialised hospitals for 10% (R13 685 032) of expenditure on medicines for MNS disorders, procuring 94% (n = 49 442 474) and 6% (n = 3 311 528) of DDDs, respectively. Although district clinics procured 60% of DDDs, they procured the least per 1000 population served, whereas district hospitals procured the most. For almost all ATC classes, procurement differed significantly between municipalities at every service level and between specialised hospitals. Conclusion: In Gauteng province, most medicines for MNS disorders are procured by general healthcare services, but access to care may not be equitable. While population coverage at district clinics appears low, district hospitals may experience the greatest care burden. Research regarding quality of care at each service level is recommended. Contribution: This study provides insight into service provision for MNS disorders.

Criterios de referencia y barreras para la atención de personas con baja visión en Santander

Objetivo: Identificar criterios de derivación y barreras percibidas por los optómetras para la rehabilitación de personas con baja visión en Santander. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó 82 optómetras de municipios de Santander, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencionado. Se diseñó un cuestionario con 36 preguntas para recolectar los datos que son reportados empleando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El 47,5 % de los profesionales tiene claro el nivel de agudeza visual para clasificar a una persona con baja visión. Las principales barreras identificadas para el acceso a servicios de baja visión fueron: el proceso de derivación dentro del sistema de salud es engorroso (74,39 %), falta de servicios cerca (57,31 %) y considerar que los pacientes no pueden pagar las ayudas (48,78 %). Discusión: Es necesario fortalecer la formación de los optómetras para mejorar los procesos de identificación, atención y rehabilitación. Conclusiones: Es importante ubicar como prioritaria la discapacidad visual en Santander, para así robustecer la red de atención en salud.

Objective: To identify referral criteria and barriers perceived by optometrists for the rehabilitation of people with low vision in Santander. Methods: Cross-sectional study, which included 82 optometrists from municipalities of Santander, selected by purposive sampling. A questionnaire with 36 questions was designed to collect data that are reported using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 47.5% of the professionals are clear about the level of visual acuity to classify a person with low vision. The main barriers identified for access to low vision services were: the referral process within the health system is cumbersome (74.39%), lack of services nearby (57.31%) and considering that patients cannot afford the aids (48.78%). Discussion: It is necessary to strengthen the training of optometrists to improve the processes of identification, care and rehabilitation. Conclusions: It is important to prioritize visual impairment in Santander in order to strengthen the health care network.

Sistemas de saúde e atuação da enfermagem: estudo comparativo entre Brasil e Chile / Healthcare systems and nursing practice: a comparative study between Brazil and Chile / Sistemas de salud y práctica de enfermería: estudio comparativo entre Brasil y Chile

Objetivo: comparar os sistemas de saúde e as implicações para a atuação do enfermeiro entre o Brasil e o Chile. Método: estudo documental com abordagem qualitativa, elaborado a partir da consulta a documentos oficiais de fonte aberta. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os dois países respondem às orientações gerais da Organização Mundial da Saúde no que tange à promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças ao longo do ciclo de vida, nos indivíduos, nas famílias e nas comunidades. Evidenciaram-se diferenças referentes aos sistemas de saúde, sobretudo a respeito da forma de financiamento, legislação e processo de trabalho do enfermeiro. Conclusão: embora existam semelhanças por serem países pertencerem à mesma região geográfica, pode-se constatar diferenças na Atenção Primária à Saúde, principalmente no que se refere à estruturação dos sistemas de saúde, financiamento e em algumas áreas, como a gestão do cuidado e atuação do enfermeiro.

Objective: to compare health systems and the implications for the role of nurses between Brazil and Chile. Method: documentary study with a qualitative approach, based on consultation with official open-source documents. Data were analysed using content analysis. Results: both countries respond to the general guidelines of the World Health Organization regarding health promotion and disease prevention throughout the life cycle, in individuals, families and communities. Differences related to health systems were evidenced, especially regarding the form of financing, legislation, and the nurses' work process. Conclusion: although there are similarities because the countries belong to the same geographic region, differences can be seen in Primary Health Care, especially regarding to the health systems' structure, financing and in some areas, such as care management and nurses' role.

Objetivo: comparar los sistemas de salud y las implicaciones para el trabajo del enfermero entre Brasil y Chile. Método: estudio documental con enfoque cualitativo, elaborado con base en la consulta de documentos oficiales de código abierto. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: ambos países responden a los lineamientos generales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en cuanto a la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades a lo largo del ciclo de vida, en los individuos, las familias y las comunidades. Se evidenciaron diferencias relacionadas con los sistemas de salud, especialmente en cuanto a la forma de financiación, la legislación y el proceso de trabajo de los enfermeros. Conclusión: si bien existen similitudes ya que los países pertenecen a la misma región geográfica, se perciben diferencias en la Atención Primaria de Salud, especialmente en lo que respecta a la estructura de los sistemas de salud, la financiación y en algunas áreas, como la gestión del cuidado y el papel del enfermero.

Percepción de apoyo social en padres de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Fundamento: el apoyo de familiares y del equipo de salud a los padres cuidadores de sus hijos diabéticos es fundamental para el afrontamiento a los cambios que provoca esta enfermedad en la dinámica familiar. Objetivo: describir la percepción de los padres cuidadores sobre el apoyo familiar y de los Sistemas de Salud en el comienzo de sus hijos con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Métodos: estudio cualitativo descriptivo realizado mediante entrevista semiestructurada a cuatro padres cuidadores de niños con diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 1. El consentimiento informado fue realizado vía Google Forms y la entrevista fue vía plataforma ZOOM. Las entrevistas tuvieron una duración de 30 minutos. El análisis de las entrevistas se realizó utilizando el programa ATLAS.ti versión 22. Resultados: el comienzo de la enfermedad de los niños fue recibido por los padres con mucha confusión y falta de conocimiento. En cuanto a las redes de apoyo, los padres declararon la soledad como vivencia en el cuidado de los niños y, en relación a los equipos de salud, relataron que está enfocada en los cuidados básicos que tenían que cumplir, como la alimentación y el control glucémico, con ausencia de preocupación por el apoyo emocional. Conclusiones: las necesidades de apoyo desde los equipos de salud, a los padres cuidadores, más allá del control de la enfermedad, es una necesidad explícita desde la evidencia, que aún no ha sido considerada por los Sistemas de Salud. El apoyo debe trascender la familia, con una actuación importante de los profesionales de la salud y todo el contexto en que están insertos los niños, para contribuir a un manejo adecuado de la enfermedad.

Foundation: the support of family members and the health team for parents caring for their diabetic children is essential for facing with the changes that this disease causes in family dynamics. Objective: to describe the perception of parent caregivers about family support and Health Systems at the beginning of their children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: qualitative descriptive study carried out through semi-structured interviews with four parent caregivers of children with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Informed consent was carried out via Google forms and the interview was via the ZOOM platform. The interviews lasted 30 minutes. The analysis of the interviews was carried out using the ATLAS.ti version 22 program. Results: the beginning of the children's illness was received by parents with much confusion and lack of knowledge. Regarding the support networks, the parents declared loneliness in the experience of caring for the children and, in relation to the health teams, they reported that it is focused on the basic care that they had to fulfill, such as food and hygiene, glycemic control, with absence of concern for emotional support. Conclusions: the support needs from health teams to parent caregivers, beyond disease control, is an explicit need from the evidence, which has not yet been considered by Health Systems. Support must go beyond the family, with important action by health professionals and the entire context in which children are inserted, to contribute to adequate management of the disease.

Consultas médicas per cápita en el sistema de salud del Perú, 2019. Hacia una nueva descripción del sistema de salud peruano

Introducción. El objetivo del estudio es contribuir a una nueva mirada del sistema de salud peruano a partir de la producción de bienes públicos en salud. Métodos. Se calculó el promedio de prestaciones de salud per cápita producidas por el sistema de salud peruano en niveles nacional, regional y provincial, a partir de fuentes de datos abiertos de la Superintendencia Nacional de Salud (SUSALUD), el Seguro Integral de Salud (SIS) y el Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) para el año 2019. Se desarrolló un análisis exploratorio de asociación entre las consultas médicas per cápita y variables socio-económicas. Resultados. Se encontró un promedio nacional de consultas médicas per cápita de 1,8, encontrándose una gran variabilidad de valores a nivel regional (2,9 a 0,8). A nivel provincias se encontró un primer cuartil superior, 50 provincias con valores entre 5,52 y 1,75 que concentran el 55% de la población peruana y el 71,3% de todas las prestaciones médicas. Un segundo cuartil agrupa 47 provincias con valores entre 1,73 - 1,33 y dos cuartiles inferiores que agrupan a 95 provincias con valores entre 1,32 y 0,08. El análisis exploratorio mostro asociación entre las consultas médicas per cápita a nivel regional y las variables analizadas, destacando la tasa de médicos por 1000 habitantes (R2: 064, valor p= 0,000) y el producto bruto interno regional per cápita (R2: 0,59, valor p=0,000). Conclusiones. La distribución por cuartiles en la producción de consultas médicas per cápita permiten identificar territorios con mejor atención, con mayor definición que los atributos de estructura del sistema (número de establecimientos, médicos por 1000 habitantes).

Introduction. The objective of the study is to contribute with a new perspective about the peruvian health system, based on the production of public goods in health. Methods. For this purpose, we calculated the per capita average of health encounters produced by the peruvian health system at the national, regional and provincial levels. Information was collected on the number of medical encounters, registered at the open data sources of the National Health Superintendence (SUSALUD), the Public Health Insurance (SIS), and the Health Social Insurance (EsSalud) for year 2019. Results. The national average of medical encounters per capita was 1.8, with a great variability of values at the regional level (2.9 to 0.8). In the case of the provinces, a first upper quartile was found, which group 50 provinces with values between 5.52 and 1.75 and concentrate 55% of the Peruvian population and 71.3% of all medical encounters produced by the health system. A second quartile groups 47 provinces, with values between 1.73 - 1.33; and two lower quartiles that group 95 provinces with values between 1.32 and 0.08. We showed an association between per capita medical encounters at the regional level and the socio-economic variables analyzed, in particular the Density of Physicians per 1000 population (R2: 0.64, p-value= 0.000) and the regional gross domestic product per capita (R2: 0.59, p-value=0.000). Conclusion. Medical encounters per capita is a useful indicator, that allows us to identify better served territories, with higher definition than other structure indicators (doctors per 1000 people; number of facilities).

Prioridades nacionales de investigación en salud bucal, Perú 2022-2026: proceso, experiencias y perspectivas / National priorities for oral health research, Peru 2022-2026: process, experiences and perspectives

El Instituto Nacional de Salud, ha llevado a cabo por primera vez el proceso de identificación de Prioridades Nacionales de Investigación en Salud Bucal a cargo de la Subdirección de Investigación y Laboratorios de Enfermedades No Transmisibles del Centro Nacional de Salud Pública con la asesoría técnica de la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación en Salud y en coordinación con la Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Bucal de la Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas en Salud Pública del Ministerio de Salud mediante metodología participativa de tres actores claves: investigadores/especialistas, expertos y decisores. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso seguido para la identificación de estas prioridades, el cual comprendió cinco fases: i) identificación de objetivos estratégicos del MINSA, ii) identificación de necesidades de investigación en salud bucal, iii) revisión por expertos y valoración de las necesidades según criterios, iv) priorización (valoración de la lista de prioridades según calificación) y v) presentación de las prioridades. Como resultado se obtuvieron las 12 prioridades que posteriormente fueron aprobadas por Resolución Ministerial N.° 262-2022/MINSA, con un periodo de vigencia 2022-2026. Además, se brindaron recomendaciones para futuros procesos.

The National Institute of Health has, for the first time, identified National Priorities for Oral Health Research, this process was carried out by the Subdirectorate of Research and Laboratories of Noncommunicable Diseases of the National Center for Public Health with the technical advice of the Directorate of Research and Innovation in Health and in coordination with the Executive Directorate of Oral Health of the General Directorate of Strategic Interventions in Public Health of the Ministry of Health, using a participatory methodology with three key actors: researchers/specialists, experts and decision-makers. This article aims to describe the process used to identify these priorities, which consisted of five phases: i) identification of the strategic objectives of the Ministry of Health, ii) identification of needs in oral health research, iii) review by experts and assessment of needs according to criteria and v) presentation of the priorities. As a result, 12 priorities were obtained, which were subsequently approved by Ministerial Resolution No. 262-2022/MINSA, for a period of 2022-2026. In addition, we provide recommendations for future processes.

Higher pain intensity is associated with less resilience in patients with rheumatoid arthritis / Maior intensidade de dor está associada com menor resiliência em pacientes com artrite reumatoide

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory, chronic and autoimmune disease that causes joint damage and can lead to physical disability. Patients with chronic and debilitating diseases such as arthritis need to adapt to the new reality. These changes may have less impact on patients with greater self-efficacy and resilience. Psychosocial factors influence the quality of life (QoL) of these patients, so the aim of this study was to assess resilience in this population and its relationship with pain, functional capacity and disease activity. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with patients at a medical specialties clinic, using a sociodemographic, a clinical-laboratory, a health assessment, a disease activity score questionnaires and the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale. The data was analyzed using Fisher's Exact, Chi-square, Student's t and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: 120 patients participated in the study, 89.2% female, mean age 56.9 ± 10.7 years. Pain was classified as severe by 40.8%, 65.8% had disease in remission and 50.8% had mild disability. The resilience of 49.2% was high. There was an association between lower resilience and: presence of painful joints (p=0.004) and greater pain intensity (p=0.014). There was a lower average of resilience (130.95) in participants with severe disability. CONCLUSION: Patients with less resilient rheumatoid arthritis had greater functional disability, painful joints and greater pain intensity. In addition, from the moment additional measures are adopted, such as educational actions and behavioral strategies, with an emphasis on resilience, which help in the control and clinical outcome of the disease, there will certainly be a positive impact on the quality of life of these patients.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A artrite reumatoide é uma doença inflamatória, crônica e autoimune, que acarreta lesão articular e pode ocasionar incapacidade física. Pacientes com doenças crônicas e debilitantes como a artrite necessitam se adaptar à nova realidade. Essas mudanças podem ser menos impactantes em pacientes com maior autoeficácia e resiliência. Os fatores psicossociais exercem influência na qualidade de vida (QV) desses pacientes, portanto o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resiliência nessa população e sua relação com dor, capacidade funcional e atividade da doença. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, realizada com pacientes de uma clínica de especialidades médicas, através dos questionários sociodemográfico, clínico-laboratorial, de avaliação da saúde, de escore da atividade da doença,e avaliação da saúde, de escore da atividade da doença, e da escala de Resiliência de Wagnild e Young. A análise dos dados foi feita através dos testes Exato de Fisher, Qui-quadrado, t de Student e ANOVA. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 120 pacientes, sendo 89,2% do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 56,9±10,7 anos. A dor foi classificada como intensa por 40,8%; 65,8% dos pacientes estavam com doença em remissão e 50,8% com incapacidade leve. A resiliência de 49,2% foi elevada. Foi verificada uma associação entre menor resiliência e: presença de articulações dolorosas (p=0,004) e maior intensidade de dor (p=0,014). Foi verificada menor média de resiliência (130,95) nos participantes com incapacidade grave. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com artrite reumatoide menos resilientes apresentaram maior incapacidade funcional, articulações dolorosas e maior intensidade de dor. Além disso, a partir do momento em que se adota medidas adicionais, tais como ações educativas e estratégias comportamentais, com ênfase na resiliência, que auxiliem no controle e no desfecho clínico da doença, certamente haverá impacto positivo na QV dos pacientes.

Judicialização de medicamentos para tratamento da hepatite C no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Judicialization of drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

O artigo tem por objetivo identificar os motivos que levaram as pessoas a buscarem o Poder Judiciário visando obter medicamentos para tratamento da hepatite C. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, de natureza quantitativa, no qual foram analisados 235 acórdãos e decisões monocráticas proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul entre 2010 e 2020. Os resultados evidenciaram que a razão principal é insuficiência de renda. Também apontou-se que a judicialização da saúde não é um fenômeno adstrito às pessoas de baixa renda; que os medicamentos mais requeridos são Ribavirina, Interferon, Sofosbuvir e Daclatasvir; e que o percentual de concessão judicial de medicamentos é de 93,6%. Conclui-se que há necessidade de reavaliação do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Hepatite C e Coinfecções, do Plano Nacional de Hepatites Virais e do Plano para Eliminação da Hepatite C.

This article aims to identify which reasons lead people to seek the Judiciary in order to obtain medication for the treatment of hepatitis C. This is a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study where 235 judgements and lower court decisions rendered by the state of Rio Grande do Sul Court of Justice between the years of 2010 and 2020 were analyzed. The results showed that the main reason why people turn to the Judiciary is low-income. It was also pointed that the health judicialization is not a phenomenon connected to low-income; the most required drugs are Ribavirina, Interferon, Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir; and the percentage of judicial medicine concession is 93.6%. The data obtained lead to the conclusion that there is a need to reassess the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Hepatitis C and Coinfections, the National Plan for Viral Hepatitis and the Plan for the Elimination of Hepatitis C.

Non-Targeted Self-Measured Blood Pressure and Hypertension Control in Public and Private Health Systems in Brazil

Abstract Background: It is estimated that more than 30% of the Brazilian population has systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), and mostly as an uncontrolled disease. The most recent Brazilian Guideline of Hypertension recommends the practice of self-measurement of blood pressure (BP) as one of the strategies for a better control of SAH, but there is no consensus about the efficiency of this tool. Objective: To assess the control of SAH and the practice of non-targeted self-measured BP (SMBP) among hypertensive users of the Unified Health System (SUS) and the Supplementary Network (SN). Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational, analytical study, with a stratified probability sample. One thousand volunteers were investigated, being 500 from SUS and 500 from the SN. Uni and multivariate analyses were performed considering a 5% significance level. Results: Patients from SUS presented inferior sociodemographic data (schooling, social status) in relation to those of the SN (p < 0.001), and showed lower control of SAH (p = 0.014), as well as more visits to the emergency room in the past year due to hypertension (p = 0.002), and fewer regular appointments with the cardiologist (p = 0.004). SMBP was equally present in both assessed groups (p = 0.567), even though users of the SN have been more advised to not conduct such a practice (p = 0.002). SMBP (p < 0.001) was an independent factor for uncontrolled SAH both in SUS (OR = 3.424) and in the SN (OR = 3.474). Conclusion: Patients in SUS presented lower SAH control. The practice of SMBP, mostly practiced with an uncalibrated digital device, was equally present in both groups and became an independent factor of uncontrolled SAH.

Vigilância e elevada cobertura vacinal: como Portugal superou o colapso e retomou o controle da pandemia / Surveillance and high vaccination coverage: how Portugal overcame the collapse and regained control of the pandemic

Resumo As incertezas sobre a COVID-19 requerem avaliação das respostas nacionais, visando identificar sucessos e fracassos no seu controle. Este artigo analisou a resposta portuguesa, particularmente a contribuição dos seus sistemas de saúde e de vigilância no enfrentamento à pandemia. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, sendo incluídas consultas a observatórios, documentos e sites institucionais. A resposta portuguesa foi ágil e revelou uma coordenação técnica e política unificada. Contou com estrutura de vigilância e uso de telemedicina. A reabertura foi amparada na alta testagem, baixa positividade e regras rígidas. Contudo, o relaxamento das medidas a partir de novembro/2020 resultou em aumento de casos com colapso do sistema de saúde. A resposta a esta situação envolveu estratégia de vigilância consistente, com instrumentos de monitoramento inovadores, que, aliados à alta adesão da população à vacinação, levaram à superação daquele momento e mantiveram baixos índices de hospitalizações e óbitos em novas ondas. Nesse sentido, o caso português evidenciou os riscos de recrudescimento com a flexibilização, a exaustão da população em relação a medidas restritivas e novas variantes, mas também a importância da articulação entre a coordenação técnica, a esfera política e o comitê científico.

Abstract The uncertainties about COVID-19 require evaluating national responses to identify successes and failures in the pandemic control. This article analyzes Portugal´s response, particularly the contribution of its health and surveillance systems in dealing with the pandemic. An integrative literature review was conducted, including consultations of observatories, documents, and institutional websites. Portugal´s response was agile and showed unified technical and political coordination, including surveillance structure using telemedicine. The reopening was supported by high testing and low positivity rates and strict rules. However, the relaxation of measures as of November/2020 resulted in an increase in cases, collapsing the health system. The response involved a consistent surveillance strategy with innovative monitoring tools, which, combined with high population adherence to vaccination, led to overcoming that moment and kept hospitalization and death rates at new disease waves at low levels. Thus, the Portuguese case discloses the risks of disease resurgence with the flexibility of measures and the population´s exhaustion in the face of restrictive measures and new variants, but also the importance of articulation between technical coordination, the political sphere, and the scientific committee.

Teoría de la complejidad y los sistemas de salud / Complexity theory and health systems

En la investigación en salud es todavía poco frecuente el uso de la Teoría de la Complejidad y de la Fractalidad (más aún en tópicos no relacionados directamente con la biología molecular o con la clínica). La complejidad nos propone complementar con propuestas desde nuevas perspectivas el pensamiento lineal y cuantitativo predominante todavía en la metodología de producción del conocimiento científico. El estudio de los sistemas de salud necesita un enfoque que se aparte de la linealidad, lo rígido y lo direccional, dado que los mismos son sistemas complejos en los que el todo es más que la simple suma de sus partes. La crisis global generada ante la pandemia por COVID-19 nos puso frente a la oportunidad (y a la obligación) de repensar tanto nuestra praxis cotidiana como nuestra forma de producir conocimiento (AU)

In health research, the use of the Complexity and Fractality Theory is still infrequent (even more so in topics not directly related to molecular or clinical biology). The complexity proposes us to complement with proposals from new perspectives the linear and quantitative thinking still predominant in the methodology of production of scientific knowledge. The study of health systems needs an approach that moves away from linearity, rigidity and direction, since they are complex systems in which the whole is more than the simple sum of its parts. The global crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic presented us with the opportunity (and the obligation) to rethink both our daily praxis and our way of producing knowledge (AU)

Surgical care and trauma patients capacity in Piura, Peru - Cross-sectional study / Capacidades para la atención quirúrgica y de pacientes traumatizados en la región de Piura, Perú. Estudio de corte transversal

Abstract Introduction: Low and medium income countries face challenges in access and delivery of surgical care, resulting in a high number of deaths and disabled individuals. Objective: To estimate the capacity to provide surgical and trauma care in public hospitals in the Piura region, Perú, a middle income country. Methods: A survey was administered in public hospitals in the Peruvian region of Piura, which combined the Spanish versions of the PIPES and INTACT surveys, and the WHO situational analysis tool. The extent of the event was assessed based in the absolute differences between the medians of the scores estimated, and the Mann-Whitney bilateral tests, according to the geographical location and the level of hospital complexity. Results: Seven public hospitals that perform surgeries in the Piura region were assessed. Three provinces (3/8) did not have any complexity healthcare institutions. The average hospital in the peripheral provinces tended to be smaller than in the capital province in INTACT (8.25 vs. 9.5, p = 0.04). Additionally, water supply issues were identified (2/7), lack of incinerator (3/7), lack of uninterrupted availability of a CT-scanner (5/7) and problems with working hours; in other words, the blood banks in two hospitals were not open 24 hours. Conclusions: There is a significant inequality among the provinces in the region in terms of their trauma care capacities and several shortfalls in the public sector healthcare infrastructure. This information is required to conduct future research on capacity measurements in every public and private institution in the Peruvian region of Piura.

Resumen Introducción: Los países de ingresos bajos y medianos tienen problemas en el acceso y la provisión de atención quirúrgica, lo cual ocasiona un alto número de fallecimientos y de personas con discapacidad. Objetivo: Estimar la capacidad para la atención quirúrgica y de pacientes traumatizados en los hospitales públicos en la región de Piura, Perú, un país de ingreso mediano. Métodos: En los hospitales públicos de la región peruana de Piura se aplicó una encuesta que combinaba las versiones en español de las encuestas PIPES e INTACT y de la herramienta de análisis situacional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se evaluó la magnitud del evento mediante las diferencias absolutas entre las medianas de los puntajes calculados y pruebas bilaterales de Mann-Whitney según la ubicación geográfica y el nivel de complejidad hospitalaria. Resultados: Se evaluaron siete hospitales públicos que realizan cirugía en la región de Piura. Tres provincias (3/8) no contaban con instituciones sanitarias con complejidad de hospital. La mediana de los hospitales de las provincias periféricas tuvo tendencia a ser menor que la de la provincia capital en la INTACT (8,25 vs. 9,5, p = 0,04). Asimismo, se hallaron problemas de abastecimiento de agua (2/7), ausencia de incinerador (3/7), falta de funcionamiento permanente de tomógrafo (5/7) y problemas con el horario de funcionamiento de los bancos de sangre, ya que no funcionaban las 24 horas del día en 2 hospitales (2/7). Conclusiones: Se describe la alta desigualdad entre las provincias de la región en la capacidad de atención de trauma y varias carencias en la infraestructura sanitaria del sector público. Esta información es necesaria para desarrollar futura investigación de medición de capacidades en todos los establecimientos públicos y privados de la región peruana de Piura.

Evolución de la cesárea en Colombia y su asociación con la naturaleza jurídica de la institución donde se atiende el parto / Evolution of cesarean sections in Colombia and its association with the legal standing of the institutions where deliveries take place

RESUMEN Objetivos: Describir la evolución de la frecuencia de la cesárea en Colombia a partir de 1998, tanto global como discriminada según la naturaleza jurídica de las instituciones prestadoras de salud (IPS) donde se atienden los partos, y calcular la magnitud de la asociación entre la naturaleza jurídica de la IPS y la realización de cesáreas entre 2015 y 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que describe la frecuencia de partos por cesárea entre los años 1998 y 2020, y un componente analítico para estimar la asociación entre la naturaleza jurídica y la vía del parto entre los años 2015 y 2017, a partir de las bases de registros de nacimientos del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) de Colombia. Se presentan las proporciones de cesárea por año y el incremento en la proporción de cesárea por tipo de institución; como estimador de esta asociación se utilizó la razón de prevalencia. Resultados: En 1998, la proporción de cesárea fue 25,7 %, incrementó hasta 46,4 % en 2015 y descendió a 44,6 % para 2020. A partir de 1998, la proporción de cesárea en las IPS públicas pasó de 26,2 a 42,9 % para el año 2014 y en las privadas de 45,0 a 57,7 % para el año 2013. La razón de prevalencia de la cesárea de las instituciones privadas con respecto a las públicas fue 1,57 (IC 95 %: 1,56-1,57). Conclusiones: Después de un periodo largo de incremento sostenido, se está presentando una disminución en la proporción de cesáreas en el país; las IPS públicas incrementaron estos procedimientos en mayor proporción durante la mayor parte del tiempo estudiado y en las IPS privadas se realizan con mayor frecuencia a todos los subgrupos de mujeres. Se deberá evaluar en el futuro, mediante metodologías más robustas, si el descenso en la frecuencia de cesárea es una tendencia real o secular.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe how the frequency of cesarean section has evolved in Colombia since 1998, both in overall terms as well as discriminated according to the legal standing of the healthcare providers (IPSs) where delivery takes place, and to estimate the size of the association between the legal standing of the institutions and the performance of cesarean sections between 2015 and 2017. Material and methods: A cross-sectional cohort study that describes the frequency of cesarean deliveries between 1998 and 2020, plus an analytical component to estimate the association between the legal nature and the route of delivery between 2015 and 2017, based on the birth records of the Colombian National Statistics Administrative Department (DANE). Proportions of cesarean sections and their increase by institution type are presented. The prevalence ratio was used as an estimator of this association. Results: In 1998, the proportion of cesarean deliveries was 25.7 %; it increased to 46.4 % by 2015 and then dropped to 44.6 % by 2020. After 1998, the proportion of cesarean sections in public hospitals increased from 26.2 % to 42.9 % by 2014, while in private providers it increased from 45.0 % to 57.7 % by 2013. The prevalence ratio of cesarean sections in private versus public institutions was 1.57 (95 % CI: 1.56-1.57). Conclusions: After a long period of sustained growth, there is now a reduction in the proportion of cesarean sections in the country. In public health care institutions, these procedures increased in greater proportion during most of the study period, while in private healthcare providers they are carried out at a higher frequency in all subgroups of women. It will be necessary to evaluate in the future, using more robust methodologies, whether the decrease in the frequency of cesarean section is a real or secular trend.

La urgencia de dar respuesta sanitaria a la violencia de género / The urgency of providing a health response to gender-based violence

La violencia por cuestiones de género es un fenómeno histórico, complejo y prevalente a nivel mundial. Definida por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas como 'todo acto de violencia basado en la pertenencia al sexo femenino, que tenga o pueda tener como resultado un daño o sufrimiento físico, sexual o psicológico para la mujer, así como las amenazas detales actos, la coacción o la privación arbitraria de la libertad, tanto si se producen en la vida pública como en la privada', la violencia contra la mujer constituye una violación de los derechos humanos y por lo tanto, una cuestión de Estado. Las autoras de este artículo repasan el marco legal que aborda este problema en la Argentina, las dificultades del sistema sanitario (a nivel institucional e individual) en la detección y asistencia de las personas que lo padecen y la necesidad desensibilización y capacitación de los profesionales de la salud. (AU)

Gender-based violence is a historical, complex and prevalent phenomenon worldwide. Defined by the United Nations as 'any act of female-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, as well as threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life', violence against women is a violation of human rights, and therefore a matter of State. The authors of this article review the legal frame that addresses this problem in Argentina, the difficulties of the health system (at institutional and individual level) in the detection and care of people who suffer from it, and the need for raising awareness and training healthcare professionals. (AU)

Medical residence in orthopedics and traumatology - national overview and analysis of evaluation concordance between cnrm/sbot during the covid-19 pandemic / Residência médica em ortopedia e traumatologia - panorama nacional e analise de concordância de avaliação cnrm/sbot durante a pandemia de covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective Describe the national scenario of the orthopedics and traumatology Medical Residency Program (MRP) in 2020/2021, showing the distribution of vacancies by states and regions of Brazil, the number of residents and the percentage of agreement between the accredited services that offer the program by the Brazilian Society of Orthopedics and Traumatology (SBOT) and by the National Commission for Medical Residency linked to the Ministry of Education (CNRM/MEC). Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data from the CNRM and SBOT system referring to residents attending orthopedics and traumatology Programs in 2020/2021 were analyzed. Results In the analyzed period, there were 2.325 medical residents in orthopedics and traumatology in vacancies authorized by the CNRM/MEC in Brazil. The southeast region was predominant, with 57.2% of vacancies, totaling 1.331 residents. Compared to other regions, the south region with 16.9% (392), the northeast with 15.1% (351), the midwest with 7.7% (180), and the north with 3.1% (71). In addition, there was an accreditation agreement of 53.8% in evaluating services between the SBOT and CNRM, with distinctions among the states. Conclusion The analysis showed differences between regions and states, considering the vacancies of PRM in orthopedics and traumatology and the concordance of evaluations by institutions accredited by MEC and SBOT. It is aim to work together with a view to qualifying and expanding residency programs for the training of specialist physicians, in accordance with the needs of the public health system and adequate medical practice, is necessary. The analysis during the pandemic period, associated with the restructuring of several health services, demonstrates the stability of the specialty in adverse scenarios. Level of evidence II; Economic And Decision Analyzes - Developing an Economic or Decision Model.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o cenário nacional do Programa de Residência Médica (PRM) em Ortopedia e Traumatologia em 2020/2021, período da maior incidência da covid-19, apontando a distribuição de vagas pelos Estados e Regiões do Brasil, o quantitativo de residentes em curso e a porcentagem de concordância entre os serviços credenciados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (SBOT) e pela Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica vinculada ao Ministério da Educação (CNRM/MEC). Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal. Foram analisados dados do Sistema da CNRM e da SBOT referentes aos residentes cursando Ortopedia e Traumatologia durante o período declarado de pandemia no Brasil. Resultado No período analisado haviam 2.325 médicos residentes cursando os PRM de Ortopedia e Traumatologia no Brasil em vagas autorizadas pela CNRM/MEC. Predomínio na região Sudeste, com 57,2% do total de vagas no Brasil, totalizando 1.331 residentes em comparação às outras regiões, com 16,9% (392) residentes na região Sul, 15,1% (351) no Nordeste, 7,7% (180) no Centro-Oeste e 3,1% (71) no Norte. Em relação à avaliação dos serviços realizada pela SBOT e pela CNRM, há uma concordância média de 53,8% entre o credenciamento por ambas, com também distinções entre as Unidades da Federação. Conclusão A análise demonstrou diferenças entre regiões e estados em relação à oferta de vagas nos Programas de Residência em Ortopedia e Traumatologia, bem como quanto à concordância entre as avaliações das instituições credenciadas pela CNRM e/ou SBOT. Há necessidade de um trabalho conjunto entre ambas visando para ampliação e qualificação dos cenários de prática e preceptoria na formação do novo especialista, considerando as necessidades do SUS e o exercício da boa prática médica. A análise no período da pandemia, associado a reestruturação de muitos serviços de saúde, demostra a estabilidade da especialidade em cenários adversos. Nível de evidência II; Análises econômicas e de decisão - Desenvolvimento de modelo econômico ou de decisão.

Self-reported hearing loss and cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional analysis of the EpiFloripa Aging study / Perda auditiva autorreferida e comprometimento cognitivo: análise transversal do estudo EpiFloripa Idoso / Pérdida auditiva autorreportada y deterioro cognitivo: análisis transversal del estudio EpiFloripa Anciano

This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported hearing loss and cognitive impairment in older adults in a city in Southern Brazil. In this cross-sectional, population-based cohort study of older adults, data were collected in the third wave of the EpiFloripa Aging study (2017/2019), which had been performed since 2009 in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State. Cognitive impairment was the dependent variable analyzed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and self-reported hearing loss, which was included in the cohort only in the last wave, was the main exposure variable. Logistic regression analyses were conducted, considering the study design and sample weights. Data from 1,335 older adults were evaluated. The prevalence was 20.5% for cognitive impairment and 10.7% for hearing loss. Older adults with hearing loss were 2.66 (95%CI: 1.08-6.54) times more likely to have cognitive impairment than older adults without hearing loss. The association between hearing loss and cognitive impairment highlights the need to integrate the early identification of these problems into primary care, as both are risk factors for healthy aging and potentially preventable and/or treatable conditions.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre perda auditiva autorreferida e comprometimento cognitivo em idosos de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de coorte de base populacional com idosos. Os dados foram coletados na terceira onda do estudo EpiFloripa Idoso (2017/2019), realizado desde 2009 na cidade de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. A variável dependente comprometimento cognitivo foi analisada pelo Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), sendo a principal variável de exposição a perda auditiva (autorreferida), incluída na coorte apenas na última onda. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística levando em consideração o desenho do estudo e os pesos amostrais. Foram avaliados dados de 1.335 idosos. A prevalência de comprometimento cognitivo foi de 20,5% e de perda auditiva, 10,7%. Idosos com perda auditiva tem 2,66 (IC95%: 1,08-6,54) vezes mais chances de ter comprometimento cognitivo quando comparados a idosos sem perda auditiva. A associação encontrada entre perda auditiva e comprometimento cognitivo é um alerta quanto à necessidade de integrar a identificação precoce desses problemas na atenção primária, pois ambas as dimensões analisadas são fatores de risco para o envelhecimento saudável e potencialmente evitáveis e/ou tratáveis.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la asociación entre la pérdida auditiva autorreportada y el deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores de una ciudad del sur de Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal de cohorte de base poblacional con personas mayores. Los datos se recabaron de la tercera ola del estudio EpiFloripa Anciano (2017/2019), realizado desde 2009 en la ciudad de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. La variable dependiente deterioro cognitivo se analizó mediante el Miniexamen del Estado Mental (MEEM), y tuvo como principal variable de exposición la pérdida auditiva (autorreportada), incluida en la cohorte solo en la última ola. Se realizaron análisis de regresión logística teniendo en cuenta el diseño del estudio y los pesos de la muestra. Se evaluaron datos de 1.335 personas mayores. La prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo fue del 20,5%; y la de pérdida auditiva, del 10,7%. Las personas mayores con pérdida auditiva tienen 2,66 (IC95%: 1,08-6,54) veces más probabilidades de tener deterioro cognitivo en comparación con las personas mayores sin pérdida auditiva. La asociación encontrada entre pérdida auditiva y deterioro cognitivo llama la atención para la importancia de identificar precozmente estos problemas en la atención primaria, ya que ambas dimensiones analizadas son los factores de riesgo para un envejecimiento saludable y potencialmente prevenible y/o tratable.